或许有人会问我为啥那么久不更新 其实站点一直有在维护 但是呢優子秉承不发重复 不转帖 不伪原创。因此不会发不是自己倒腾过的东西出来的
今晚睡得晚 错过了睡点 于是直接失眠了QAQ。就想着折腾点啥打发时间 看着谷歌的SSL就有了自己折腾一个和谷歌一样前卫的HTTPS的想法
闲话到此为止
支持新版本TLS协议和ECDHE_RSA加密需要最低openssl1.0.1 而CentOS6通过默认源yum安装的openssl版本只有1.0.0 是不支持新版本TLS协议和ECDHE_RSA密钥交换方式的
一开始本想自己编译openssl 后来一想 自己编译会跟系统的openssl脱节 从而产生一些问题。谷歌是最好的老师 搜到了一个自定义源 里面有已经编译好的新版本openssl
导入源【请注意 此源仅支持64位系统。32位系统的抱歉了 暂时无法找到合适的源】
CentOS5 x64:
rpm -ivh --nosignature http://rpm.axivo.com/redhat/axivo-release-5-1.noarch.rpm
CentOS6 x64:
rpm -ivh --nosignature http://rpm.axivo.com/redhat/axivo-release-6-1.noarch.rpm
通过源升级安装最新版openssl1.0.1e
yum –enablerepo=axivo update openssl
不出意外的话 确认按一次y 导入KEY按一次y 即可完成安装
此时再输入openssl查看version的话 应该会显示【OpenSSL 1.0.1e 11 Feb 2013】
重新编译nginx
印象中这步是必须的 因为似乎编译时引用了openssl的头文档 需要重新编译
即使不是不是必须的 升级到1.4.1支持spdy协议还是不错的
由于我采用的是lnmp一键包 可以直接使用一键包中的upgrade_nginx.sh升级或者重新编译。如果不是使用一键包的 大致步骤如下:
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.4.1.tar.gz
tar zxvf nginx-1.4.1.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.4.1
./configure –user=www –group=www –prefix=/usr/local/nginx【注:此处填你自己nginx安装目录 按照原先的编译参数 如果原先就没有 prefix直接去掉】 –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_gzip_static_module –with-http_spdy_module【注:使用一键包的也需要修改一键包的编译参数 此处加上红色字段】 –with-ipv6
make
mv /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx.old【移除+备份老nginx的可执行文件 具体路径是看你的安装方式】
cp objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx【复制新的可执行文件进去 具体路径也是看你的安装方式】
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t【执行新的可执行文件 测试是否配置文件有问题 具体路径同上】
make upgrade
修改nginx配置文件
需要修改的部分很多 不能像以前两三行解决了
首先
listen 你的ip:443 spdy;#新增spdy协议
SSL部分:
ssl on;
ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;#新增TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2
ssl_session_cache builtin:1000 shared:SSL:10m;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;#新增SSL session支持 此处和上面的是设置超时和设置cache大小 减轻负载
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;#
ssl_certificate 你的公钥.crt;
ssl_certificate_key 你的私钥.key;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;#设置由服务端决定加密方式 避免不安全问题
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-RC4-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-RC4-SHA:ECDH-ECDSA-RC4-SHA:ECDH-RSA-RC4-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:RC4-SHA:HIGH:!aNULL:!eNULL:!LOW:!3DES:!MD5:!EXP:!CBC:!EDH:!kEDH:!PSK:!SRP:!kECDH;#去除所有不安全加密方式。确保不会遭受BEAST攻击。设置ECDHE_RSA正向密钥交换方式
注:红字是新增部分 蓝字可能是以前就有 如果以前有就需要加入红字部分 没有就直接添加。黑字是开启SSL加密所必需的
设置完毕后 reload nginx即可。
此时可以关闭浏览器重新访问你的SSL连接 你会发现你也变成了使用ECDHE_RSA的高级用户了
你同时可以使用SSL在线测试工具:https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html。不出意外的话你应该是会得A了
这是本站的评分:https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=tucao.org
至于RC4的问题 我发现谷歌也在用 所以无所谓了。
如果你是考虑完全使用SSL 抛弃不加密的HTTP 可以考虑添加一个严格SSL的header
add_header Strict-Transport-Security max-age=2592000;
注意这个条目需要同时加到不经过加密的80端口的server块和经过HTTPS加密的server块。并且要在不经过加密的server块里设置跳转。设置方式不多说了 谷歌一搜一堆
使用ECDHE_RSA的优势:
1、具有良好前瞻性的密钥交换方式 保证数据安全
2、可以提升SSL握手速度 间接提升网站速度
3、和SPDY协议联合 最大限度提升HTTPS效率
至于见鬼的IE6的兼容问题呢 優子经过测试 XP 下的IE6是没有访问问题的 不需要担心。
p.s.总感觉“正向加密”这个词翻译有点怪?
~以上~
参考了以下文章:
https://blog.hasgeek.com/2013/https-everywhere-at-hasgeek
https://www.axivo.com/community/threads/upgrade-to-openssl-1-0-1-in-centos.180/
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Эта тенденция привлекает множество пользователей, ищущих моды для мобильных игр, так как она обеспечивает значительно увеличить геймплей по сравнению со начальной версией игры.
Особенно актуальны моды с читами для мобильных устройств, таких как шутеры, где игрокам нужно решать сложные миссии или результаты, которые без подобных вмешательств могут быть непростыми или затяжными.
Такие читы зачастую предоставляют читы на бесконечный запас здоровья, бесконечные деньги или получение специальных предметов, которые помогают пользователям прогрессировать по приключениям, не тратя минимум долгие часы или денежных средств.
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Dragon Tiger is regarded as have begun in the Cambodian region and has since expanded to casinos worldwide, particularly in Asia. The game’s lack of complexity and rapid nature have made it a favorite among both seasoned casino patrons and newcomers. Unlike different card games that require significant strategies and skills, Dragon Tiger relies significantly on luck, making it an inviting choice for those looking for a quick gaming experience. At its essence, Dragon Tiger is reminiscent of traditional baccarat but reduces the gambling method. The game is played with a standard set of 52 cards, and the goal is to guess which of the two hands—Dragon or Tiger—will have a more significant value. Players choose their bets before the dealer reveals the cards. The hand with the more valuable card is the winner, and ties are also likely, adding an extra layer of thrill.
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Players can put several types of gambling placements, including betting on the Dragon, the Tiger, or a tie. The financial gain varies depending on the category of bet placed, with ties typically giving the top payout due to their rarity. This easy betting structure makes Dragon Tiger approachable to a wide audience, further contributing to its popularity in online casinos.
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